#USA

From 1946 to 1948, U.S. Public Health Service researchers deliberately infected Guatemalan people with sexually transmitted diseases; a presidential commission and formal U.S. apology confirmed the study's abuses.

In February 2009 KBR LLC pleaded guilty to FCPA charges over bribery schemes tied to Nigeria’s Bonny Island LNG project, paying a $402 million criminal fine, while Halliburton and KBR resolved parallel SEC cases with about $177 million in disgorgement. DOJ and SEC papers describe TSKJ joint-venture commission conduits. The Archive keeps that settlement spine separate from Iraq-era political conflation.

In 1950 the CIA launched Project BLUEBIRD to study interrogation and behavioral control; declassified files show it as a direct predecessor to ARTICHOKE and MKUltra.

VW installed defeat-device software so diesel cars passed lab emissions tests while polluting far more on the road. West Virginia University on-road testing accelerated detection; CARB/EPA enforcement and U.S. DOJ criminal/civil resolutions followed.

Operation Big Itch (September 1954) at Dugway Proving Ground tested aerial E-14/E-23 flea munitions using uninfected Xenopsylla cheopis. FOIA technical reports and later Bellwether entomological field-test volumes document U.S. Army Chemical Corps / Deseret-era vector-warfare measurement—not a civilian plague strike.

NTSB AAR-00/03 finds TWA Flight 800’s probable cause was a center wing fuel tank explosion, most likely from FQIS-related short circuit among evaluated ignition sources. FBI criminal investigation closed without a charged bomb/missile attack; CIA analysis reframed key rising-streak eyewitness reports as post-explosion aircraft motion. Contested/L2 keeps the missile hypothesis labeled contested beside the NTSB spine.

AT&T technician Mark Klein revealed a NSA-linked secret room at a San Francisco switching center that split fiber traffic for surveillance; EFF litigation and Klein's declaration created a rare on-the-record physical description of dragnet infrastructure.

Project West Ford (Lincoln Laboratory / DoD) released copper dipoles to form a passive orbital scatter belt—failed dispenser in October 1961, successful May 1963 Millstone–Camp Parks links. Nature/Science and NASA ODPO records document astronomy protest and remaining undispersed needle clumps.

In 1975–76, while Senator Frank Church’s Senate inquiry held televised hearings on intelligence abuses, the House Select Committee on Intelligence—reconstituted under Representative Otis G. Pike—pushed into CIA budgets, covert-action accounting, and whether Congress could declassify Executive secrets on its own timetable.

Canyon (NRO/USAF Program 827 / Mission 7500) flew near-geosynchronous COMINT satellites from 1968–1977. NRO’s declassified SIGINT Satellite Story, FOIA doors, and open launch tables document the first dedicated U.S. space COMINT generation while acknowledging remaining GEO redactions.

Before MKUltra, CIA programs BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE explored interrogation, hypnosis, and drugs aimed at controlling behavior; declassified memos on "special interrogations" form the documentary core.

After Russia's August 1998 shock, FRBNY facilitated a private creditor consortium that recapitalized Long-Term Capital Management. McDonough and Greenspan testimony plus the April 1999 PWG report document systemic-risk justification, no public funds, and leverage/disclosure lessons—too-big-to-fail private rescue politics under official auspices.

On a bluff in Adams County, Ohio, an earthen serpent more than four hundred meters long coils through grass and interpretive signs. Frederic Ward Putnam’s late-nineteenth-century restoration made the effigy a public monument. The Ohio History Connection stewards the site today. The National Park Service holds it as a National Historic Landmark.

On 24 January 1961 a B-52 breakup near Goldsboro released two Mk 39 thermonuclear bombs. Public framing stressed the weapons stayed safe; Parker F. Jones's 1969 Sandia memo, later FOIA'd into view, concluded that on one bomb a single ready/safe switch was the last barrier to full yield.

On 17 January 1966 a Chrome Dome B-52 collided with a tanker over Palomares, Spain, releasing four B28 thermonuclear weapons. Public framing stressed safe/no nuclear yield; DNA, FRUS, and a FOIA'd State history document plutonium scatter ashore, months of Mediterranean recovery, and Franco's permanent ban on nuclear overflights.

Enron collapsed in 2001 amid special-purpose entities and mark-to-market abuses; trials, SEC actions, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act document the fraud's mechanics and fallout.

Under MKUltra subprojects, CIA contractors ran San Francisco and New York safehouses where sex workers lured men for surreptitious LSD dosing and observation—practices flagged in Agency Inspector General material and later FOIA.

On 21 January 1968 a Hard Head / Thule Monitor B-52 crashed on North Star Bay ice, rupturing four thermonuclear weapons without nuclear yield. Public framing stressed no danger; NS Archive / SAC History #113 / AEC Bruner packets document Crested Ice cleanup, a gentleman's agreement to remove contaminated ice, a missing spark-plug secondary, and the end of continuous nuclear airborne alert.

In December 2011 ISAF acknowledged a possible U.S. unarmed reconnaissance UAV lost after operators lost control over western Afghanistan; President Obama publicly asked Iran to return the aircraft, and Secretary Panetta supported that request on the record. Iranian electronic-warfare and reverse-engineering narratives are labeled claims. The Archive keeps documented/L2: loss and ask documented; mechanism edges contested.

July 1959 Sodium Reactor Experiment at Santa Susana: official posture stresses contained failure and within-limits noble gases; NAA-SR-4488 and DOE’s own SRE page record cladding melt on 13/43 assemblies and ~two months of AEC-approved atmospheric venting. Area IV consent-order cleanup on Boeing-owned land remains unfinished.

Bankruptcy examiner Anton R. Valukas's March 2010 report reconstructs Lehman's Repo 105/108 trades that temporarily removed assets to shrink reported net leverage at quarter-end. Volumes 1, 3, and 4 document the sale-treatment device, leverage targeting, and colorable-claims analysis—accounting disguise of risk, not a claim that Repo 105 alone caused 2008.

NASA SP-4404 and CIA Oxcart histories document Lockheed CL-400 Suntan as a late-1950s USAF liquid-hydrogen reconnaissance concept cancelled on range and cryogenic basing grounds; dollar and performance edges stay carefully sourced under a contested verdict.

After 9/11, a presidential Authorization covered NSA activities under the STELLARWIND cover term (publicly framed as the Terrorist Surveillance Program; IG language: President's Surveillance Program). The July 2009 five-agency IG report mandated by FAA Title III—and FOIA-declassified volumes through 2015–16—document OLC scaffolding, DoJ/FISC crisis, and years outside ordinary FISA practice.

June–July 1970: Tom Charles Huston's extreme domestic-intelligence options were presidentially approved then formally revoked within days. Church Committee Vol. 2 / Vol. 4 exhibits and Book II document origin, disposition, and the harder tension—techniques the Plan contemplated were already running or continued by other channels.